ANATOMY OF UPPER CERVICAL SPINE
ALL – C1 to sacrum
Attached to vertebral bodies
Gets wider as move caudal
PLL – C2 to sacrum
Attached to discs
Gets narrower as move caudal
Tectorial membrane – continuation of PLL
C2 to foramen magnum
Behind cruciate ligament / alar / apical ligaments
Anterior / posterior atlanto-occipital membranes
From arch C1 to foramen magnum
Posterior deficient to allow C1 nerve and vertebral artery through
Cruciate ligament – transverse – attached across atlas
Longitudinal – from body C2 to foramen magnum
Apical ligament – weak
Tip of dens to foramen magnum
Remnant of notochord
Alar ligaments – strong
Oblique to apical
Attached to foramen magnum
Last Updated on June 27, 2024
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