Classification
Type A: Compression injuries of the body (compressive forces)
- Type A1: Impaction fractures
- Type A2: Split fractures
- Type A3: Burst fractures
Type B: Distraction injuries of the anterior and posterior elements (tensile forces)
- Type B1: Posterior disruption predominantly ligamentous (flexion-distraction injury)
- Type B2: Posterior disruption predominantly osseous (flexion-distraction injury)
- Type B3: Anterior disruption through the disk (hyperextension-shear injury)
Type C: Multi-directional injuries with translation affecting the anterior and posterior elements (axial torque causing rotation injuries)
- Type C1: Rotational wedge, split, and burst fractures
- Type C2: Flexion subluxation with rotation
- Type C3: Rotational shear injuries (Holdsworth slice rotation fracture)
Explanation
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Figures
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Reference(s)
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