Subscapularis

Subscapular fossa

Lesser tubercle of humerus

The Subscapularis rotates the head of the humerus medially (internal rotation); when the arm is raised, it draws the humerus forward and downward. It is a powerful defense to the front of the shoulder-joint, preventing displacement of the head of the humerus.

Upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

Transverse cervical artery, subscapular artery

Injury Diagnosis:

The Bear Hug test (internal rotation while palm is held on opposite shoulder and elbow is held in a position of maximal anterior translation) for Subscapularis muscle tears has high sensitivity. Positive Bear-Hug and Belly Press tests indicate significant tearing of subscapularis.

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Relations:

The tendon of the muscle is separated from the neck of the scapula by a large bursa, which communicates with the cavity of the shoulder-joint through an aperture in the capsule.