Non-tumor
- Dural cyst
Benign
- Giant cell tumor
- Aneurysmal bone cyst
Malignant
- Chordoma
- Chondrosarcoma
Notes
- Dural cysts cause expansion of the canal with long-standing bony remodeling.
- Chordoma is a midline tumor with anterior and posterior expansion and frequent anterior soft tissue mass.
- Giant cell tumor frequently extends to sacral ala, while chondrosarcoma usually demonstrates typical chondroid matrix formation.